Jakarta is growing and changing rapidly. The capital is short on space, public infrastructure is tested to its limits, and environmental conditions worsen. It seems an uphill battle. Almost every day the newspapers report on famous traffic jams in Jakarta severely polluted rivers and canals, and the frequent floods that inundate the streets and bring traffic to a grinding halt. But the tides are about to turn, and the revitalization of Jakarta may be at hand. It's all a matter of perception.
In addressing the issues in a broader context of new solutions have been found, and focusing on new opportunities once the problems have been solved, stakeholders are willing to translate their visions shared equity joint. As synchronization of different instruments in a philharmonic orchestra is based on a composition, the joint actions for revitalizing Jakarta needs to be guided by an integrated concept that serves as a common framework for individual players.
The rapid growth
Jakarta is located on the north coast of the island of Java in a delta of 13 rivers flowing into the Bay of Jakarta. The city is growing rapidly, and changing even faster. The urban population has increased rapidly from about two million in 1945 to over 9.7 million in 2010. Due to the lack of urban sprawl space overflowed municipal boundaries into adjacent suburbs resulting in one of the largest cities urban Asia of over 30 million, also called Jadebotabekpunjur, and urban growth is likely to continue in the foreseeable future.
Change Streetscape
modern office towers, luxury shopping centers and high-rise pop up buildings throughout the city, dwarfing the one and two-storey structures traditional kampung areas and historic districts. Flyovers, tunnels and highways with two floors trying to stay a step ahead of the ever-growing fleet of cars and motorcycles. The international port of Tanjung Priok and Hatta International Airport Soekaro modernize and expand their capacity to keep pace with the growing volumes of import and export goods, and the number of passengers.
Test limits
As the wheels hum economy become higher ratios, the boundaries of urban growth are tested, as evidenced by the notorious traffic jams in Jakarta that clog the roads city, highly polluted rivers and canals that cross the city and discharges into the Bay of Jakarta, living conditions deteriorated in many densely populated kampung areas, and flooding flood the streets. There is a larger and potentially fatal problem looming: Jakarta is sinking
.Land subsidence
frequent flooding
due to land subsidence, coastal area of Jakarta simultaneously exposed to flooding from the sea, rivers and rainfall. If land well below sea water at sea level can flow in during high tide, while the outputs of the rivers and canals can not freely discharge their water into the sea. In this case, sea water will flood the land behind the sea wall, the river water will flood the banks, and the streets will be flooded by local precipitation due to poor drainage and retention. In recent years, floods have occurred more frequently, affecting more places and over larger areas, and lasts longer. Without effective intervention, a quarter of Jakarta can become permanently flooded in the next 15 to 20 years, not only affect the four million people who live and work there, but also critical infrastructure, including the port of Tanjung Priok , Soekarno Hatta airport, stations located on the coast, toll roads, industrial areas, residential areas and business districts, and the historic downtown Batavia. Year after year the northern floods Jakarta causes many victims that people drown or are affected by disease, drugs financial losses due to physical damage and loss of property, income and major economic disruption as traffic comes to a grinding halt.
Moving the capital of
Until recently, flood prevention measures have mainly responded to the flooding problems without anticipating the potentially catastrophic effects of subsidence that will cause new sea defenses on the coast to sink and the land on which they are built, as long as land subsidence due to deep abstraction of groundwater continues. The situation may even worsen, as new sea wall, which are intended to prevent flooding from the sea, would also close the outlets of the river and the canal. As an inevitable consequence, the coastal area becomes flooded by water from the heavily polluted river that has nowhere to go. To avoid massive flooding, a retention basin of 100 to 150 km2 should be built from which water would be pumped into the sea, which would be impossible in the densely built without massive resettlement coastal zone. In the absence of technical solution in sight, serious discussions began about moving the capital to a safer place.
Triple-A Solution
For purposes of understanding the flooding problems in a wider context, looking for strategic solutions and mobilizing stakeholders, the so-called Triple-a concept was applied. This includes an atlas, an agenda and aturan-Principal (Game Rules), prepared with the participation of several stakeholders working groups as "players", supported by an expert team in the role of "coach" . multi-stakeholder working groups include government agencies at the municipal, regional and national managers and planning of the national capital, private developers and business investors with a vested interest in coastal development, and organizations of civil society representing the relevant urban communities and special interest groups. The Triple-A documents, which are public, were made available in printed form and in digital format.
Issues and Opportunities
The Atlas systematically gathers information on himself and flood prevention measures, but also to identify the underlying causes flooding, and describes how the inadequacy of the water supply network prompted people to pump deep water to the ground, causing land subsidence and how the uncontrolled discharge of human and industrial waste severely polluted water from rivers and canals that cross the city and empty into the Bay of Jakarta. Seen in a wider context all this logically adds: If the pollution of rivers and canals could be reversed, there would not be enough clean water to replace the collection of excessive groundwater by water. If water withdrawals earth could be arrested, land and dikes that are built on it would no longer flow. Instead of constructing new dams and water retention on earth where space is scarce, they could also be built at sea in the Bay of Jakarta. As the puzzle pieces began to fall into place, a new image has emerged of an integrated development concept.
Integrated Development Concept
• technical solutions that are effective in preventing floods (system of parallel sea wall off the coast that can be built in stages, and the improvement of river dikes along the riverbanks downstream of rivers, sea retention basins between the sea wall to collect water from rivers and pumping stations to keep the water level in the retention ponds below the river mouths);
• additional measures to make the technical solutions (sustainable current water supply to replace abstraction of groundwater by using the newly created Sea retention ponds as sources of fresh water, sanitation and sanitation systems covering the entire city to prevent the pollution of rivers and canals that discharge water into the sea in retention ponds, relocation or resettlement in case the space is needed for sea dike and improvement of banks);
• private investment opportunities to make it financially feasible general scheme on the basis of cross-subsidies and public - private partnership (reclamation of land along the coast, toll roads and paths iron over the sea wall off the coast, and the expansion of Tanjung Priok port with deep sea port facilities).
The integrated concept will not only protect against North Jakarta floods, but also solve the shortage of drinking water, reducing pollution of the river and improve the flow of traffic throughout the city, Jakarta transforming into a more attractive place to live, visit, work and invest. Following a general consensus on the concept of integrated development for the revitalization of Jakarta, the time has come for concrete action based on a concerted multi effort.
multi-source financing
The aturan-Principal (Game Rules) establish mechanisms for planning, investment and implementation of the integrated concept involving stakeholders at every stage of the process. sea-related infrastructure and river dykes, retention basins, pumping stations, water supply and sanitation systems are generally dependent on public funding. Furthermore, restoration of land, toll roads and the deep water port development can be considered profitable investment opportunities for private developers. If combined, the general scheme would be financially feasible, provided that the project is implemented as an integrated concept, and the multi-orchestrated sources is based on public-private partnership of its financing agreements.
The Triple-A document summarizing the concept for the revitalization of Jakarta are via under JCDS Atlas, Strategy Agenda JCDS and JCDS main aturan.